Artificial Intelligence


The Prime Minister of India underlined the value of the Digital Economy & Artificial Intelligence at the two-day G-20 summit in Osaka, Japan. In developing these two areas, he stressed the government's reliance on the 5 'I's that stand for Inclusiveness, Indigenization, Innovation, Infrastructure Investment & International Cooperation. The philosophy of Artificial Intelligence is based on the principle of creating human-like machines capable of thought, behaving, and learning.
 
WHAT IS AI?
  • Artificial intelligence is intelligence displayed by computers in simple terms to understand.  
  • It is a computer science branch that deals with the development of computers or machines as smart as human beings.
  • John McCarthy invented the word in 1956 at the Dartmouth conference at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  • It includes the simulation of processes of human intelligence, such as learning (acquisition of knowledge and rules for the use of information), reasoning (using rules to arrive at estimated or definite conclusions), and self-correction by machines, in particular by computer systems.
  • Today, it has become an umbrella word that covers anything from robotic process automation to true robotics.
  • Due to its multifaceted application, ranging from healthcare to military devices, it has recently become widely popular and gained prominence.
 
Artificial Intelligence
 
HOW DID AI EVOLVE?
The Dartmouth Conference was organized by the American computer scientist John McCarthy in 1956, where the word 'Artificial Intelligence' was first adopted. From then on, the world learned the principles of computers' ability to use information data and competition to look at social issues.
There were many dedicated projects on the same one, and the study was sponsored by the government.
The questions of ethics arise in every area of science, and particularly when someone starts looking at enabling machines to behave and act like human beings. There was a period in the 1970s and late 1980s when governments stopped funding AI studies.
AI saw a revival in the 21st century following simultaneous developments in computing power and vast quantities of data and theoretical knowledge.
AI in today’s world has become a necessity and evolved magnificently if we trace its journey. There are still areas where it needs improvement.
 


EXAMPLES OF AI
 
Robotic Process Automation: Automation is the method of automatically making a device or process work. Robots can be programmed to perform high-volume, repeatable tasks which are usually done by humans and, also because of their versatility and adaptability to changing situations, it is different from IT automation.
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Natural Language Processing (NLP): The interpretation of human language and not machine language by a computer program is natural language processing (NLP). For instance, spam detection, which looks at an email's subject line and text and determines if it's garbage.
 
Pattern recognition: Pattern recognition is a machine learning branch that focuses on the detection of data patterns.
 
Machine vision: Machine vision is the science of using a camera, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital signal processing to visualize computers by capturing and analyzing visual information. It is used in a variety of applications, from defining signatures to analyzing medical images.
 
Machine learning: A field of research that allows computers to learn without being programmed directly. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning and can be considered as predictive analytics automation.
 
Robotics: Robotics is an engineering discipline focused on robot design and manufacturing. Robots are often used to perform tasks that are difficult to perform or perform reliably for humans.
 
HOW AI AND MACHINE LEARNING IS MAKING E-GOVERNANCE A REALITY?
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are rapidly emerging technologies that harness the capacity of computers, similar to that of the human brain, to learn and perform cognitive functions. It involves learning, problem-solving, speech recognition, and other things.
  • In call centers or customer service, many local municipalities or government departments may invest use AI. The vast majority of calls are fairly simple, repeated questions, or routine reports that come in.
  • It would reduce the workload of government officials and also lead to the use of human resources for more effective work.
  • This method can be simplified by making use of smart chatbots. As it will be quicker and more precise, this automation will boost service and customer experience. Chatbots can answer questions, provide data, receive and report information, and direct applications for people.
  • For instance, an interactive virtual assistant is used by the United States Army to review credentials, answer questions, and refer potential recruits to human recruiters. It does the job of 55 recruiters and increases at a 94 percent accuracy rate as the computer learns.
  • Self-learning weather forecasting technology uses machine learning, sensor knowledge, cloud-motion physics derived from sky cameras to increase rain forecasting accuracy by 30 percent.
  • In turn, it will help to forecast the amount of rainfall that the area will receive and also help to announce guidelines for crop sowing cycles, fertilizers, etc.
  • The power of AI will help in law enforcement, public safety, and criminal justice. In crime or terrorist-related problems, facial and image recognition software can evaluate thousands of hours of video footage easily and more accurately, narrowing down the search and showing where police can concentrate their attention.
  • Intelligence, Surveillance, and Advanced Robotics: AI can be used for gathering intelligence and advanced surveillance purposes to track and control unmanned autonomous vehicles. Machine learning algorithms can assist in the evaluation of trends of border infiltration and predict the probability of infiltration at certain times.
 
 
 
Artificial Intelligence
 
WHAT ARE THE DANGERS RELATED TO USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
  • Reduced demand for human labour due to the takeover of employment in the manufacturing and services sectors by computers and intelligent robots. For example: in China, some customs officers are now robots, there is an emerging trend in Japan for robots as housewives.
  • Existential risks: Stephen Hawkins once said that "The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race." It will take off on its own and reinvent itself at an ever-increasing pace once humans develop artificial intelligence. Humans, constrained by sluggish biological evolution, will be unable to compete and would be replaced.
  • AI technologies that fall into the hands of terrorists may unleash modern terror networks and thus may increase human vulnerability.
  • Owing to reduced human-to-human interactions, this can lead to moral decay in society.
 
INDIA IN THE FIELD OF AI
  • The government-mandated NITI Aayog to create the National AI Program in the 2018-19 budget to direct the research and development of new and emerging technologies.
  • A three-pronged approach to the concept AI projects in different areas was then adopted by NITI Aayog, establishing a national strategy for developing a vibrant AI ecosystem in India and collaborating with various experts and stakeholders.
  • The cabinet note was circulated by NITI Aayog on 20 March 2019 to create a cloud computing framework named AIRAWAT (AI Research, Analytics, and Knowledge Assimilation platform).
  • The note circulated by NITI Aayog suggests that over 3 years, the government should pump in Rs. 7,500 crore rupees as well as create a high-level task force to oversee the implementation of AI.
  • The move to establish a cloud computing platform is part of the government's objective of making India a leader in AI and transforming sectors such as education, health, agriculture, urbanization, and mobility among emerging economies.
  • The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has also set up task forces to evaluate the use of the country's AI and Big Data technologies.
  • The government announced the establishment of a National Sports Education Board under Khelo India in the 2019-20 Budget to train young people for new-age skills, Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Big data, etc.
Artificial Intelligence
WHAT ARE THE AREAS IN INDIA WHERE AI NEEDS TO BE IMPLEMENTED?
  • By assisting in big data research, which is not possible without using AI, it can complement the Digital India Project.
  • It is possible to further fine-tune the targeted delivery of programs, schemes, and subsidies.
  • Smart border surveillance and monitoring to strengthen the infrastructure for defense.
  • Models for weather forecasting will become predictive and thus prepare for any potential mishaps such as floods, droughts and thereby tackle the agricultural crisis, the suicide of farmers, crop losses, etc.
  • New strategies can be formulated by analyzing big data for road safety data and NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau) data for crimes.
  • With the aid of robotics and intelligent machines, disaster management can be quicker and more accessible.
  • We also hear the loss of CRPF jawans in counterinsurgency and patrolling operations that can be reduced by the use of the robotic army and fewer human staff.

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