Sessions Of The Parliament Of India

The president convenes each House of Parliament on a regular basis. However, the time between two sessions of Parliament cannot exceed six months. To put it another way, the legislature should assemble at least twice a year. In a typical year, there are three sessions:

 

• The Budget Session, which runs from February to May;

• Monsoon Season (July-September); and

 

• The Winter Session (Winter Session) (November to December).

 

The time between a House's first sitting and its prorogation is referred to as a "session" of Parliament (or dissolution in the case of the Lok Sabha). The House meets every day during a session to conduct business. The time between a House's prorogation and its reassembly in a new session is known as'recess.'

 

Many meetings make up a Parliamentary session. Each day's meeting is divided into two sessions: a morning session from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and a post-lunch session from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. A Parliamentary session can be ended by adjournment, adjournment sine die, prorogation, or dissolution (in the case of theLok Sabha). An adjournment is when the work in a session is put on hold for a set amount of time, which can be hours, days, or weeks.

 

The term "adjournment sine die" refers to the suspension of a Parliamentary session for an indeterminate amount of time. Adjournment sine die refers to when the House is adjourned without specifying a date for reassembly. The presiding officer of the House has the authority of adjournment and adjournment sine die. He can also convene a House session before the day or hour set for adjournment, or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.

 

When a session's business is concluded, the presiding officer (Speaker or Chairman) proclaims the House adjourned sine die. The President will announce a prorogation of the session notification within the following few days. The President, on the other hand, has the power to prorogue the House while it is in session.

 

Adjournment	Prorogation
It only terminates a sitting and not a ses­sion of the House.	It not only terminates a sitting but also a session of the House.
It is done by presiding officer of the House.	It is done by the president of India.
It does not affect the bills or any other business pending before the House and the same can be resumed when the House meets again.	It also does not affect the bills or any other business pending before the House. Howev­er, all pending notices (other than those for introducing bills) lapse on prorogation and fresh notices have to be given for the next session. In Britain, prorogation brings to an end all bills or any other business pending before the House.

 

The Rajya Sabha is not subject to dissolution because it is a permanent House. The Lok Sabha is the only legislative body that can be dissolved. Unlike a prorogation, dissolution puts an end to the current House's existence, and a new House is formed after general elections. The Lok Sabha can be dissolved in one of two ways: automatically, when its five-year term expires or when its terms are extended during a national emergency; or when the President decides to dissolve the House, which he has the authority to do. The LokSabha is irreversibly dissolved if it is dissolved before the end of its normal term.

When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, all business pending before it or its committees expires, including bills, motions, resolutions, notices, petitions, and so on. They must be reintroduced in the newly formed Lok Sabha (to be pursued further). Some pending bills, as well as all pending assurances that must be examined by the Committee on Government Assurances, do not expire when the Lok Sabha is dissolved. The following is the position on bills that have expired:

 

A bill in the Lok Sabha has expired (whether originating in the Lok Sabha or transmitted to itby the Rajya Sabha).

 

A bill that was passed by the Lok Sabha but is still pending in the Rajya Sabha has expired.

 

If the president has notified the holding of a joint sitting before the dissolution of Lok Sabha, a bill that has not been passed by the two Houses due to disagreement does not lapse.

 

A bill that is currently pending in the Rajya Sabha but has not been passed by the Lok Sabha does not expire.

 

A bill that has passed both Houses but is awaiting the president's signature does not expire.

 

A bill that has been passed by both Houses but has been sent back to the president for reconsideration by the Houses does not expire.

 

The quorum is the number of members in the House who must be present in order for the House to conduct business. It is one-tenth of each House's total membership, including the presiding officer. If any business is to be conducted, there must be at least 55 members present in the Lok Sabha and 25 members present in the Rajya Sabha. If a quorum is not present during a House meeting, the presiding officer must either adjourn the House or suspend the meeting until a quorum is present.

 

Hindi and English have been designated as the official languages of the Parliament by the Constitution. The presiding officer, on the other hand, can allow a member to address the House in his mother tongue. Simultaneous translation arrangements are made in both Houses. Despite the fact that English was supposed to be phased out as a floor language after fifteen years from the start of the Constitution (in 1965), the Official Languages Act (1963) allowed English to coexist with Hindi.

 

Every minister and the Attorney General of India, in addition to House members, have the right to speak and participate in the proceedings of either House, any joint sitting of both Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he is a member, without having the right to vote. This constitutional provision is justified for two reasons: A minister who is not a member of a House can participate in its proceedings. In other words, a minister from the Lok Sabha can participate in the Rajya Sabha's proceedings and vice versa. A minister who is not a member of either House is allowed to participate in both Houses' proceedings. It's worth noting that a minister can serve for six months without being a member of either House of Parliament.

 

After a new Lok Sabha has been elected, it refers to the last session of the existing Lok Sabha. Lame-ducks are members of the existing Lok Sabha who did not win re-election to the new Lok Sabha.