Human Actions

•    Ethics is primarily concerned with human behavior.

 

•    Human actions are also the starting point for the majority of legal systems. Investigative agencies, lawyers, and judges are primarily concerned with human actions and the legality or illegality of those actions.

 

•    Ethics, like law, focuses on human actions from the perspective of morality rather than legality. Ethicists make a clear distinction between "Human Actions" and "Acts of Man" while focusing on human actions.

 

Human actions are defined as those actions that are performed deliberately and consciously by humans using their intellect and will. 

 

'Acts of Man,' on the other hand, are instinctive in nature, driven by an impulse or habit.

 

Example 1 : Assume you are employed by a bank. Your bank is robbed one day by armed robbers. One of the armed robbers brandishes a gun and yells at you, demanding all of your bank account information and passwords. If you share confidential data with the robbers in such circumstances, your action will be considered a "Act of Man" because it is motivated by fear. It is not a human action, and it is not done knowingly or purposefully. 

 

Example 2: Consider another scenario in which you, as an employee of a reputable company, share your company's confidential data with a rival company in exchange for a large sum of money from the rival company. There is no external pressure on you to share confidential data with the competitor company, and the circumstances do not compel you to do so. Furthermore, you are fully aware of the financial and other losses your company will suffer as a result of this illegal data sharing, but you continue to do it in order to make money illegally. In these circumstances, your action is a "human action" because you did it deliberately and consciously.

 

 

1.    Awareness- You need to be aware of what you're doing. 

2.    Voluntariness- Your actions should be motivated by your desire to help others. 

3.    Liberty- The action must be carried out in a free manner. 

 

    Knowledge refers to someone or something's familiarity, awareness, or comprehension. 

    Experience and education are two ways to gain knowledge. 

    The term "knowledge" encompasses both theoretical and practical comprehension.

 

    Actions can be taken directly from the will, such as consenting, or indirectly through the will's command of other faculties, such as thinking.

    Example: If someone puts a gun in my hand and pulls the trigger, it is clear that my will has no control over or cause for that action, and thus the shooting is not voluntary and thus not a human action.

    In law or ethics, voluntariness refers to a decision made based on one's own free will, as opposed to decisions made under duress or coercion.

    Although some human actions are voluntary, in the sense that the actor performs the action entirely on his own, not all voluntary actions are. 

 

•    The effects of an action are referred to as consequences. 

 

•    The outcome of an action determines whether it is good or bad. It is wrong if people suffer, but it is correct if people benefit. The causes are the motives, and the effects are the consequences.

 

•    The following are the causes where the consequences of an action are attributable to the doer:

1.    The doer is presumed to have willed the effect if he or she knows (even if hazily) what the consequences of a particular choice or action will be. It is deliberate, for example, if a person fires a wild gunshot knowing that it may injure or kill someone. 

 

2.    The first person is still morally responsible if the actor does not perform the act but causes another to do so (through assistance, encouragement, or persuasion). For example, a politician is guilty if he or she delivers a hate speech that incites violence and communal riots. 

 

3.     If a person remains silent or refuses to act when he or she should. For example, if someone refuses to assist an accident victim.