What Are The Different Types Of Bills?
Introduction
When the draught legislation have been accepted by the parliament, the acts are then officially integrated into the Indian Constitution. Many different types of bills are introduced in either house of Parliament in order to pass legislation.
Different Types of Bills
A bill is a proposed piece of legislation that, if passed, becomes a law. Bills can roughly be divided into two categories:
1. Private Member Bill
2. Government Bill
Government Bill
• It is introduced in the parliament by a minister.
• The likelihood of the parliament approving it is higher.
• A vote of no confidence in the government would result from the House rejecting it, which could result in the resignation of the government.
• A seven-day notice is required for its internal introduction.
Ordinary Bills (Articles 107 and 108)
• Ex. The Central Universities (Amendment) Bill 2021, the National Commission for Homoeopathy (Amendment) Bill 2021, the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (Amendment) Bill 2021.
Money Bills (Article 110)
Deals with money-related issues including taxation and spending:
• For instance, the Appropriations Bill, the Aadhar (Amendment) Bill, and the Salary, Allowances, and Pension of Members of Parliament (Amendment) Bill 2020
Financial Bills I (Articles 117(1) and II (117(3))
• For instance, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill 2021, The Tribunals Reforms Bill 2021, and The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Bill 2021.
The Constitution Amendments Bill (Article 368) Aims To Change The Constitution's Provisions:
• Examples include the 2021 Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill. The Constitution (one hundred twenty-seventh amendment) bill 2021 and the Constitution (one hundred twenty-sixth amendment) Bill 2019.
Private Member Bill
• Any Member of Parliament (MP) who is not a minister is a private member.
• It is a bill that a non-ministerial member of parliament (who may be a member of any party) introduced.
• Such bills may only be introduced and discussed on Fridays.
• One month's notice is required for its launch internally.
• Admission is decided by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The procedure is largely the same for both Houses:
• The Member shall offer not less than one month's notice before the Bill may be introduced.
• The House secretariat examines it for conformity with statutory requirements and constitutional requirements before listing it.
• For instance, a private member's bill was last approved by both Houses in 1970.
• The law was the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Bill of 1968.
• Other private member bills that have been passed into law include the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Bill, introduced in the Rajya Sabha in 1967, the Salaries and Allowances of Members of Parliament (Amendment) Bill, introduced in the Lok Sabha in 1964, and the Proceedings of Legislature (Protection of Publication) Bill, introduced in the Lok Sabha in 1956.
Ordinary Bill
• Ordinary bills can be introduced in either House and do not need the President's approval.
• The second House can choose between passing the bill with a simple majority, rejecting it, suggesting revisions, or doing nothing at all.
• When a bill is rejected, recommended amendments that the original House rejects, or inaction for 180 legislative days, a standstill is declared.
• A joint session called and announced by the President in accordance with article 108 might end the impasse.
• Both Houses must notify the other before moving forward with the current bill.
• After a measure has been approved by the legislature, the President has the following alternatives when he is asked to sign it:
• Give the measure his assent, and it will become law; refuse to do so (absolute veto); send the bill back to the legislature for consideration (suspensive veto); or take no action at all (pocket veto).
Money Bill
It is the only measure that addresses one or more of the following financial difficulties listed in Article 110:
• Any tax's imposition, elimination, forgiveness, modification, or restriction.
• Borrowing from the public purse.
• Consolidated Fund of India or Contingency Fund of India custody (including any deposits to or withdrawals from such funds).
• Appropriation of funds from the Consolidated Fund of India.
• Consolidated Fund of India or Indian Public Accounts receipt of funds.
• Any expense must be acknowledged as one that is charged to the Consolidated Fund of India.
• Any further information regarding the topics covered in the aforementioned subclauses.
Keys To Understand:
• Only the Lok Sabha may initiate a Money Bill, and only with the President's consent.
• The Speaker must certify it as a Money Bill before it is sent to Rajya Sabha, and it just needs a simple majority to pass.
• The Rajya Sabha may advise amendments to the bill, but it does not have the power to reject or amend it.
• If the Rajya Sabha does not pass the bill within 14 days, it is assumed to have been approved by the Rajya Sabha.
• There is no such thing as a deadlock.
• The Money Bill can receive assent from the President or not. Typically, he is anticipated to offer his approval.
Financial bill
• In addition to the financial difficulties outlined in article 110, Financial Bill I (Article 117(1)) also addresses non-financial issues.
• In two ways, Financial Bill I resembles a money bill:The Lok Sabha alone has the authority to introduce it.
• For introduction, the President must first recommend it.
• In the following ways, a financial bill is different from a money bill: It can be rejected or amended by Rajya Sabha, but this is not possible with a money law.
• In a deadlock, the President has the authority to call a joint session.
• The President has three options: he can sign the measure, refuse to sign it, or send it back for revision. (Note: In the case of a money measure, the President cannot return the bill for reconsideration.)
• Financial Bill-II is exempt from money bill topics (Article 110) and only deals with laws pertaining to expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India. It is handled just like any other bill.
Constitutional Amendment Bill
• It is a bill that aims to amend the Constitution in one or more ways.
• It does not need the President's previous approval, unlike a money bill or a financial measure.
• It can be introduced to either House and needs a special majority in both for it to be approved.
• There may be an impasse, but it cannot be resolved by a joint sitting.
• A constitutional amendment bill must receive the approval of at least half the states if it deals with the division of powers between the Centre and the States.
• The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971 stipulated that after our Constitutional Amendment Bill had been duly passed by the Houses, the president would provide his approval.
Kinds of Majorities
• Absolute Majority: More than half the members of the House.
• Simple Majority: The result of a vote cast by more than 50% of those in attendance.
• Effective Strength = Total Strength - Number of Vacancies, where Effective Strength denotes the percentage of the House that is actually in session.
• A special majority is a two-thirds vote of the members in attendance.
Conclusion
A bill is referred to as a draught law if it is introduced in either house of the Parliament only after it has been approved by both chambers and the president's assent. These are bills that are introduced as legislative proposals.