Consequences Of Migration
Migration creates both benefits and problems for the areas. Consequences can be observed in economic, social, cultural, political and demographic terms.
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
- A major benefit for the source region is the remittance sent by migrants. Punjab, Kerala and Tamil Nadu receive very significant amount from their international migrants.
- Migration from rural areas of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha to the rural areas of Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh accounted for the success of their green revolution strategy for agricultural development.
- Besides this, unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused overcrowding. Development of slums in industrially developed states such as Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu and Delhi is a negative consequence of unregulated migration within the country.
DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES
- Migration leads to the redistribution of the population within a country. Rural urban migration is one of the important factors contributing to the population growth of cities.
- Age and skill selective out migration from the rural area have adverse effect on the rural demographic structure.
- However, high out migration from Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Eastern Maharashtra have brought serious imbalances in age and sex composition in these states.
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
- Migrants act as agents of social change. The new ideas related to new technologies, family planning, girl’s education, etc. get diffused from urban to rural areas through them.
- Migration leads to intermixing of people from diverse cultures.
- It has positive contribution such as evolution of composite culture and breaking through the narrow considerations and widens up the mental horizon of the people at large.
- But it also has serious negative consequences such as anonymity, which creates social vacuum and sense of dejection among individuals.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
- Overcrowding of people due to rural urban migration has put pressure on the existing social and physical infrastructure in the urban areas. This ultimately leads to unplanned growth of urban settlement and formation of slums shanty colonies.
- Apart from this, due to over-exploitation of natural resources, cities are facing the acute problem of depletion of ground water, air pollution, and disposal of sewage and management of solid wastes.
OTHERS
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Migration (even excluding the marriage migration) affects the status of women directly or indirectly. For e.g. male selective out-migration in rural areas puts extra physical and mental pressure on women left behind while migration of women for education or employment enhances their autonomy and role in the economy.